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1. We have advocated initial endoscopic stenting for bile duct strictures after open cholecystectomy.

2. This can progress to bile duct destruction, biliary cirrhosis, and sometimes cholangiocarcinoma.

3. Endoscopic sphincterotomy is now the primary treatment for bile duct stones in most clinical contexts, whether emergency or elective.

4. Remarkably, previous abdominal ultrasound showed non-dilated intrahepatic bile ducts despite the presence of major bile duct injury in four patients.

5. Before the availability of endoscopic bile duct intervention surgical treatment was the usual approach to management.

6. Our technique and results of endoscopic treatment of bile duct injury after open cholecystectomy have been described in detail elsewhere.

7. In general, a large proportion of bile duct injuries can be attributed to the learning experience of the surgeon.

8. All four patients with complete bile duct transection were treated with a proximal hepaticojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y jejunal loop.

9. According to our experience, the severity of bile duct injuries seems to be changed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

10. Patients presenting with obstructive jaundice caused by bile duct stricture may be managed by either surgery or stenting.

11. Ultrasound scanning may show thickening of the bile ducts and less often provides evidence of bile duct stricturing and/or dilatation.

12. A bile duct disease called primary sclerosing cholangitis.

13. Obstruction of the bile duct is associated with cholangitis.

14. In addition, bile duct antrum but outspread.

15. NAS were most prevalent in the extrahepatic bile duct.

16. In case of difficult common bile duct cannulation of ERCP, precut sphincterotomy to be an effective and safe technique.

17. Hepatic histopathological examination showed proliferation of bile duct and fibrous connective tissue, obvious increase of hepatic cell oncosis and liver cell cord derangement in BDL group.

18. A straight 10 F endoprosthesis was used in the five patients with a bile duct stricture distal to the stones.

19. In patients in whom the procedure is successful 4.4-9.8% will develop bile duct stenosis,(sentencedict.com) new stone formation or both.

20. Laparotomy was carried out under ether anesthesia and cannulation of the bile duct was performed for continuous bile collection.

21. The overall contribution of exfoliative bile cytology to the diagnosis of bile duct strictures is shown in Figure 3.

22. It is usually as effective as surgery in treating bile duct stones and involves a shorter hospital stay.

23. It has not yet been well defined, whether a similar approach is justified for bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

24. Cannulation and contrast injection of an occluded, and often already infected, bile duct may precipitate overt cholangitis or septicaemia.

25. Linda suffers from biliary atresia, an abnormality in which the bile duct is blocked.

26. Objective :To evaluate the value of multislice CT cholangiography(MSCTC) through drainage-tube in patients with bile duct obstruction pre-operation.

27. Mechanical obstruction may require operation for repair of common bile duct stricture or for gallstones.

28. MethodsThe clinical data of 75 cases who underwent LCDE with suture needle puncture and discission of bile duct in our department during the past 2 years were analyzed retrospectively.

29. Solid part are enhanced lightly during arterial phase,[sentencedict.com/bile duct.html] the area of cystoid variation and necrosis are no enhanced. 2 cases have non-dilated bile duct of liver inside and outside.

30. Especially, we have demonstrated S-100 protein in eosinophilic adenoma and medullary carcinoma of thyroid gland, adenocarcinoma of bile duct and bronchiolar adenocarcinoma.